We need to realize that we live in a Faraday universe in which there are scientifically observable effects – not causes. Causes are inferred. We don’t observe causes; we observe only their effects. So if we fail to observe one of its effects, or incorrectly correlate various effects with a given cause, we are left with an incorrect explanation of what is observed.
The redshift of distant galaxies is an effect that is observed; an expanding universe, a Big Bang, a surface of last scattering, dark matter, acceleration of universal expansion, and dark energy aren’t. Every hypothesized cause must remain suspect… always. That’s how the scientific method works
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